By Ajayi Osahon

Media Manager, Centre for Community and Oceanic Law

The ECOWAS Parliament has called for sanctions against member states that fail to implement regional trade protocols, signalling a stronger commitment to accountability and economic integration within West Africa. The recommendation comes amid growing concerns that despite numerous regional agreements, many countries continue to violate or neglect their trade obligations.

At the heart of the discussion is the ECOWAS Trade Liberalisation Scheme (ETLS), which was established to facilitate the free movement of goods produced within the region without customs duties or quantitative restrictions. In practice, however, traders and businesses continue to face illegal checkpoints, multiple taxation, customs delays, import restrictions, and other non-tariff barriers that undermine the objectives of the protocol.

The Parliament stressed that the challenge is no longer the absence of regional laws but the failure of member states to implement them. This weakens investor confidence, limits opportunities for businesses, and slows the pace of regional economic integration. Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which make up the majority of businesses in West Africa, are among those most affected by inconsistent implementation.

Although the ECOWAS Parliament does not have the authority to impose sanctions, its recommendation places increasing pressure on the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government and the ECOWAS Commission to strengthen enforcement mechanisms and ensure compliance with Community obligations.

The development highlights a fundamental principle of regional law: agreements are only effective when they are implemented. Regional integration cannot be achieved through treaties alone; it requires political commitment, legal compliance, and effective enforcement by every member state. Strengthening accountability will not only improve trade across West Africa but also reinforce the rule of law and the credibility of regional institutions.